A basic understanding of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the virus that can lead to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) can help dispel the myths, erase stigma, prevent virus transmission, and save lives — beginning with your own.

In 1981, healthcare providers in Los Angeles treating five young gay men reported the first cases of a new illness that eventually came to be known as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, or AIDS.

Since then, scientists have made astonishing progress in their understanding of AIDS and its underlying cause, HIV — the human immunodeficiency virus.

But many people still have misconceptions about HIV/AIDS, and this breeds confusion, fear, and stigma. Ignorance, unfortunately, has consequences.

“There are a lot of reasons why people need to know the facts about HIV/AIDS, from determining whether they are at risk themselves to knowing how to speak sensitively to someone who has HIV or AIDS,” says Steven Santiago, MD, the chief medical officer of Care Resource, a nonprofit HIV/AIDS organization in southern Florida.

HIV vs. AIDS: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the virus that can lead to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome AIDS) if left untreated. AIDS is the advanced stage of HIV infection.

Modes of Transmission: HIV is primarily transmitted through unprotected sexual intercourse, sharing of contaminated needles, and from an infected mother to her child during childbirth or breastfeeding.

No Cure, but Treatable: While there’s no cure for HIV, effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) can control the virus, allowing people with HIV to live healthy lives. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial.

Global Impact: HIV/AIDS is a global health challenge, with an estimated 38 million people living with HIV worldwide. Sub-Saharan Africa is disproportionately affected, but the virus is present in all regions.

Prevention Strategies: Preventive measures include consistent condom use, needle exchange programs, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), and education on safer practices.

Stigma and Discrimination: People with HIV often face stigma and discrimination, hindering access to healthcare and support. Raising awareness is essential to combat these negative attitudes.

Testing is Key: Regular HIV testing is crucial for early detection. Knowing one’s status allows for timely intervention and reduces the risk of transmission to others.

Common Symptoms: Early HIV symptoms may resemble flu-like symptoms, making it challenging to identify. Persistent symptoms or high-risk behavior should prompt testing.

Vulnerable Populations: Certain groups, such as sex workers, intravenous drug users, and men who have sex with men, are at a higher risk. Tailored prevention and education efforts are vital for these communities.

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Universal Precautions: Practicing universal precautions, such as using gloves in healthcare settings and avoiding sharing personal items like razors or toothbrushes, helps prevent HIV transmission in various situations.