• Aksumite Empire was a former dynasty that ruled from the first century AD to the seventh century AD. It was sometimes referred to as the Kingdom of Aksum.

It was situated in what is now Ethiopia and Eritrea, and it had a sphere of influence that reached into Saudi Arabia and Yemen today over the Red Sea. At its peak, the empire reportedly had a surface area of 1.25 million square kilometers.

• The Ethiopian Empire is one of the earliest countries to have existed continuously is the Ethiopian Empire, also known as Abyssinia. 

It ruled an estimated territory of roughly one million square kilometers, including modern-day Ethiopia, Eritrea, and parts of Sudan, at its height in the 16th century during the reign of Emperor Lebna Dengel.

• The Mali Empire, often called the Manden Kurufaba, was a West African dynasty that ruled from the thirteenth to the seventeenth centuries. It was situated where Mali, Guinea, Senegal, and Mauritania are today.

Although the Mali Empire’s territory changed over time, it is believed that it spanned a total of 1.3 million square kilometers at its height.

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• One of the biggest empires to ever exist in African history was the Songhai Empire. It was situated in what is now modern-day Mali, Niger, and Nigeria, and it existed from the 15th to the 16th century.

It is thought to have covered an area of almost 1.4 million square kilometers at its height.

• A medieval empire that lasted from the ninth to the nineteenth century was known as the Kanem-Bornu Empire. It was in areas that are currently part of Sudan, Cameroon, Nigeria, Chad, and Niger.

At its peak, the empire controlled a large region that was roughly 1 million square kilometers.